The History Of VOC

Background

Nation Netherlands in sixteenth-century obtains map information to the East of the Venice of Italy. While the closure of the ports of Lisbon lead nation Netherlands wants to get the center of spices, the Netherlands began to travel toward the East Sea. The arrival of the Netherlands First Nations led by Cornelis De Houtman in 1595, but the incivility in the strained relations with the people of Banten made him expelled from Banten.

Europeans Netherlands second time in Indonesia was led by Jacob Van Neck who landed in Banten. Jacob Van Neck's business running smoothly with established trading in Banten and generate huge profits for the Netherlands, but in the end as the development of competition between companies happen to cause a deterioration of profitability. Despite the profit decline, but the Netherlands managed to embed the power of Commerce in Indonesia.

The King of the Netherlands, namely Prince Maurits authorize Johan Van Olden who advocate for the incorporation of all the sharing of trade became a major trading company called Verenigde Oost-indische Compagnie or VOC with known with intent in order to compete with other Western Nations in the archipelago.

The Early Reign Of The VOC

The VOC was founded in in the archipelago has several goals among others as follows :
1. Carry out the trade monopoly in the archipelago,
2. Assist the Government of Netherlands,
3. Avoid unhealthy trade competition between traders, Netherlands
4. Strengthening the position of the Netherlands in competing with other Western Nations in the archipelago.

VOC is the sharing of trade which has already arranged the organization system, so as to unify some of the disagreement in the fastness of the VOC in its dark side of VOC is also very clever in confuse local communities in Trade Affairs and agriculture with tangible evidence of the VOC to apply the policy to the ruler of the Netherlands in the archipelago, known as the octroi rights. The following are some of the rights which include the right of octroi :
1. The right to monopolize trading,
2. The right to print its own money,
3. the right to withdraw the tax,
4. The right to run the power of Justice,
5. The right to form a Government on its own,
6. The right to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as a representative in the archipelago,
7. The right to declare war,
8. The right to have an army,
9. The right to make treaties with the Kings in the archipelago.

In the sharing of the VOC also raised the highest leadership of the Netherlands trade gathering in Indonesia, namely the Governor General. The VOC Governor General has few rules, known as the VOC policy that is as follows :

1. Apply the tax to the people, such as contingenten and verplichtie leverentie,
2. Requires that the entire local people to plant the next crop of commodity trade can only be traded by the VOC,
3. Requires that the King of the Kingdom in the archipelago submit tribute to VOC,
4. Expand the acreage of planting the crop commodities, especially in the Moluccas,
5. Get rid of other traders that interferes with the development of VOC,
6. Apply the policy of ekstirpasi, namely the supervision against excessive plant using cruise hongi.

The Government Of The VOC

1. Pieter Both,
The Netherlands figure became the Foundress VOC VOC Governor-general becomes IE first with a term of Office starting from November 1610 until 1614. Task run by Pieter Both in the archipelago is to exercise a monopoly over spice trading in the archipelago.

Headquarter is located in Ambon, however in the year 1610 Pieter Both managed to build cooperation with the Kingdom of Banten. Furthermore, the VOC managed to build the fortress of Batavia Batavia where power is still in the United Kingdom.

Pieter Both also chose the Jayakarta as the Central Administration offices which are still under the control of a real Kingdom of Banten. Pieter Both chose the Jayakarta as the Central Administration offices because it is a strategic area and many standing trade offices from other countries.

After the reign of Pieter Both as Governor General as alternates with other figures such as Gerard Renyst at 1614 until 1615, Laurens Reael in 1615 until 1619, Jan Pieterszoon Coen in 1619 until 1623 and 1627 until 1629, and was continued by some of the other Governor-General until 1799.


2. Jan Pieterszoon Coen
Jan Pieterszoon Coen has other names such as the familiar J.P. Coen, Ijzeren Jan, and Jan's Iron rule over the two periods from 1619 until 1623 and 1627 until 1629. At the time of the aim of the Government led by Pieter De Carpentier on 1624 until 1626.

J.P. Coen during his reign moved the headquarters of VOC from Ambon to Jayakarta, as Ambon judged too far from shipping lanes in Malacca, India, and Japan. The property where the remains of the Royal power of Banten, J.P. Coen seeking ways to be able to build its headquarters at Jayakarta. The aim of the effort of moving its headquarters there is a motto of the persistence of J.P. Coen of "no trade without war and also there is no war without trade".

In the year 1619, J.P. Coen did restoration and enlargement of the fortress at the Jayakarta as Fort Centre in Ambon that has previously been established during the reign of Pieter Both. When you are finished doing restoration and enlargement of the fortress at Jayakarta, J.P. Coen also carry out assaults and burn Jayakarta, and marks the changing of the name of the Property becomes the Batavia. So the placement of Banten and foreign merchants who lived to go to other areas.

Other policies that are applied by J.P. Coen at Jayakarta monopoly as do trading with other Nations. Though once J.P. Coen still provides full surveillance against the previous areas namely Maluku, following some of the actions taken to maintain the Moluccas :

1. To Expel people from the island of Run, United Kingdom
2. Limiting the number of spices with cruise hongi, this in order to limit the crop commodities trade that exceeded the agreement,
3. Expel and destroy native Banda.

The End Of The Reign Of The VOC

The VOC ruled for hundreds of years until it suffered a setback in Indonesia in the year 1799 the VOC was dissolved. Here are some of the factors that cause the VOC was dissolved in the archipelago.


Internal factors
1. Corruption of all levels,
2. Abuse of power,
3. Trade,
4. Competition with other European countries,
5. Infusion that is increasingly small,
6. The allocation of the budget that is less precise.


External factors
1. The political changes in the Netherlands,
2. The French Revolution.

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